书城医学病理生理学
49271000000058

第58章 附录:英汉对照词汇表(1)

(按每一章先后出现为序排列)

pathophysiology病理生理学

pathological process病理过程

health健康

disease疾病

etiology病因学

etiological factor病因

predisposing factor诱因

pathogenesis发病学

mechanism机制

gene disease基因病

molecular disease分子病

prognosis转归

rehabilitation康复

complete rehabilitation完全康复

incomplete rehabilitation不完全康复

death死亡

brain death脑死亡

transcelllar fluid跨细胞液

hyponatremia低钠血症

hypovolemic hyponatremia低容量性低钠血症

hypotonic dehydration低渗性脱水

hypervolemic hyponatremia高容量性低钠血症

water intoxication水中毒

hypernatremia高钠血症

hypovolemic hypernatremia低容量性高钠血症

hypertonic dehydration高渗性脱水

hypervolemic hypernatremia高容量性高钠血症

isotonic dehydration等渗性脱水

edema水肿

hydrops积水

pitting edema凹陷性水肿

frank edema显性水肿

recessive edema隐性水肿

hypokalemia低钾血症

paradoxial acidic urine反常性酸性尿

hyperkalemia高钾血症

paradoxial alkaline urine反常性碱性尿

hypomagnesemia低镁血症

hypermagnesemia高镁血症

hypocalcemia低钙血症

hypercalcemia高钙血症

hypophosphatemia低磷血症

hyperphosphatemia高磷血症

acid‐base balance酸碱平衡

acid‐base disturbance酸碱平衡紊乱

actual bicarbonate,AB实际碳酸氢盐

anion gap,AG 阴离子间隙

buffer base,BB缓冲碱

base excess,BE碱剩余

carbonic anhydrase,CA碳酸酐酶

carbon dioxide narcosis二氧化碳麻醉

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD慢性阻塞性肺疾患

distal acidification远端酸化作用

double acid‐base disorders双重性酸碱失衡

fixed acid固定酸

mixed acid‐base disorders混合型酸碱平衡紊乱

metabolic acidosis代谢性酸中毒

metabolic alkalosis代谢性碱中毒

pulmonary encephalopathy肺性脑病

renal tubular acidosis,RTA肾小管性酸中毒

respiratory acidosis呼吸性酸中毒

respiratory alkalosis呼吸性碱中毒

simple acid‐base disturbance单纯型酸碱平衡紊乱

standard bicarbonate,SB标准碳酸氢盐

saline‐responsive alkalosis盐水反应性碱中毒

saline‐resistant alkalosis盐水抵抗性碱中毒

triple acid‐base disorders三重性酸碱失衡

unvolatile acid非挥发性酸

undetermined anion,UA血浆中未测定的阴离子

undetermined cation,UC未测定的阳离子

volatile acid挥发性酸

hypoxia缺氧

arterial partial pressure of oxygen,PaO2动脉血氧分压

oxygen binding capacity in blood,CO2max血氧容量

oxygen content,CO2血氧含量

oxygen saturation,SO2氧饱和度

hypotonic hypoxia低张性缺氧

cyanosis发绀

hemic hypoxia血液性缺氧

isotonic hypoxia等张性低氧血症

enterogenous cyanosis肠源性紫绀

histogenous hypoxia组织性缺氧

hypoxia循环性缺氧

ischemic hypoxia缺血性缺氧

congestive hypoxia淤血性缺氧

core temperature体核温度

shell temperature体表温度

preoptic anterior hypothalamus,POAH视前区下丘脑前部

set point调定点

endogenous pyrogen,EP内生致热原

exogenous pyrogen外致热原

organum vasculosum laminae terminalis,OVLT下丘脑终板血管器

cellular signal transduction细胞信号转导

G protein coupling receptors,GPCRG蛋白耦联受体

cAMP response element binding protein,CREBcAMP 反应元件结合蛋白

tyrosine protein kinase,TPK酪氨酸蛋白激酶

gitogen activated protein kinase,MAPK丝裂原活化蛋白激酶

signal transducer and activator of tranion,STAT信号转导和转录激活因子

genetic disorders of receptor遗传性受体病

hormone resistance syndrome激素抵抗综合征

autoimmune receptor disease自身免疫性受体病

secondary receptor disorders继发性受体异常

epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR表皮生长因子受体

GTPase activating protein,GAPGTPase 活化蛋白

transforming growth factor β,TGFβ 转化生长因子β

signal transduction therapy信号转导治疗

apoptosis凋亡

programmed cell death,PCD程序性细胞死亡

necrosis坏死

execution of death死亡执行

endogenous nuclease Dnase内源性核酸内切酶

caspases凋亡蛋白酶

blebbing空泡化

condensation固缩

budding出芽

margination边集

apoptosis body凋亡小体

ladder pattern“梯”状

cascade级联反应

tumor necrosis factor,TNF肿瘤坏死因子

killer gene自杀基因

superoxide dismutase,SOD超氧化物歧化酶

death receptor死亡受体

nerve growth factor receptor,NGFR神经生长因子受体

apoptosis‐inducing factor,AIF凋亡诱导因子

permeability transition pore,PTP通透性转换孔

deleterious network hypothesis恶性网络假说

ceramide,SM神经酰胺

sphingomyelin神经鞘磷脂

mitogen‐activated protein kinase,MAPK丝裂原激活蛋白激酶

checkpoint检查点

molecular Policeman分子警察

Alzheimer’s disease,AD阿尔茨海默病

Parkinson’s disease帕金森病

syncytia合胞体

activation‐induced cell death,AICD激活诱导的细胞死亡

atherosclerosis,AS动脉粥样硬化

caspase‐activated deoxyribonuclease,CADcaspase 激活的脱氧核糖核酸酶

tissue‐type transglutaminase组织型转谷氨酰胺酶

cross‐linking交联

B cell lymphoma/leukemia‐2,Bcl‐2 B 细胞淋巴瘤/白血病‐2

stress response应激反应

stressor应激原

General adaptation syndrome,GAS全身适应综合征

locus ceruleus‐norepinephrine /sympathetic‐adrenal medulla axis,LC/NE蓝斑-去甲肾上腺素/交感-肾上腺髓质轴

hypothalamus‐Pituitary‐adrenal cortex system,HPA下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质激素系统

heat shock protein,HSP热休克蛋白

acute PhasepProtein,AP急性期反应蛋白

extrinsic coagulation pathway外源性凝血途径

intrinsic coagulation pathway内源性凝血途径

disseminated or diffuse intravascular coagulation,DIC弥散性血管内凝血

fibrin or fibrinogen degradation product,FDP纤维蛋白(原)降解产物

generalized Shwartzman reaction,GSR全身性Shwartzman 反应

plasma protamine paracoagulation test血浆鱼精蛋白副凝试验,3P 试验

Waterhorst‐Friderichsen syndrome华-佛氏综合征

Sheehan’s syndrome席汉氏综合征

microangiopathic hemolytic anemia微血管病性溶血性贫血

schistocyte裂体细胞

shock休克

hemorrhagic shock失血性休克

burn shock烧伤性休克

traumatic shock创伤性休克

infectious shock感染性休克

anaphylactic shock过敏性休克

neurogenic shock神经源性休克