With the end of the Civil War，industry quickly revived［（使）苏醒，（使）复兴］and became a dominant force in Maryland，both economically and politically．Senator Arthur P．Gorman，a Democrat and the president of the Baltimore &Ohio Railroad，ran the controlling political machine from 1869to 1895，when two－party government was restored．New railroad lines traversed（穿过）the state，making it more than ever a crossing point between North and South．Labor troubles hit Maryland with the Panic of 1873，and four years later railroad wage disputes resulted in large－scale rioting in Cumberland and Baltimore．During the 20th cent．，however，Maryland became a leader in labor and other reform legislation．The administrations of governors Austin L．Crowthers and Albert C．Ritchie were noted for reform．Ritchie，a Democrat，became nationally known for his efforts to improve the efficiency（效率）and economy of state government．
In 1919，Congress passed the prohibition law，prohibiting the manufacturing，selling and transporting of alcoholic beverages（饮料）．Maryland opposed the law，because it violated（侵犯）their state’s rights．Because of this，they were known as the Free State．
After World War II，Maryland improved its transportation systems．BWI Airport opened and many bridges，tunnels，and highways were built．When the Supreme Court ruled segregation（种族隔离）in schools as unconstitutional in 1954，Maryland changed the fastest of all the southern states by integrating schools and neighborhoods．Several school systems were expanded．
Maryland experienced tremendous（极大的，巨大的）suburban growth in the 1980s，especially in the metropolitan Washington，D．C．，area．This growth occurred in spite of a decline in government jobs，as service sector employment rose dramatically．Suburban Baltimore grew as well although the city proper lost 6．4％of its population during the 1980s．Baltimore undertook major revitalization（新生）projects in the 1980s and the early 1990s，including the construction of Oriole Park at Camden Yards，the new home of the Baltimore Orioles baseball team．
In 1985，Maryland began a government project to clean up the waste from cities and factories flowing into Chesapeake Bay．The waste was killing many of the fish and shellfish living there．Since then，millions of oysters have been placed in the bay．
Maryland has become increasingly popular as a vacation area．Ocean City is a popular seashore resort，and both sides of Chesapeake Bay are lined with beaches and small fishing towns．The Chesapeake Bay Bridge has brought the culture of the Eastern Shore，formerly quite distinctive，into a more homogeneous unity with that of the rest of the state；the area，however，is still noted for its unique rural beauty and architecture，strongly reminiscent（回忆往事的）of the English countryside left behind by early settlers．
Governor州长
Robert L．Ehrlich，Jr．在2002年11月5日被选举为马里兰州第60任州长。自从上任以来，Ehrlich州长就把财政职责、教育、医疗卫生及环境、公共安全和商业贸易五大方面作为任期工作的重中之重。而金融安全、学校经营、医疗保健、邻里关系和经济发展机遇这五大方面则是针对马里兰州每一个家庭优先考虑的。
On November 5，2002，lifelong Marylander Robert L．Ehrlich，Jr．，was elected Maryland’s 60th governor，the first Republican（共和党人）to hold the office in 36years．
Since assuming office，Governor Ehrlich has fought for the Five Pillars of his Administration：Fiscal Responsibility，Education，Health &the Environment，Public Safety，and Commerce．These pillars are the priorities of every Maryland family：financial security，schools that work，quality healthcare，safer neighborhoods，and economic opportunity．
Governor Ehrlich has balanced the state budget every year since assuming office，resolved 3．4billion in deficits（赤字），and rejected 1．1billion in tax increases．He has fully－funded the “Thornton Act”，by providing record increases in education funding for students in low－income neighborhoods．
Governor Ehrlich is determined to provide affordable healthcare in Maryland，especially to those with limited access to health insurance．He established a cabinet－level agency to empower individuals with disabilities and provided record funding increases for Medicaid［〈美〉（由各级政府资助、以穷人和伤残者为对象的）医疗补助（制度）］，which serves 636，000needy Marylanders．He has made the preservation of the Chesapeake Bay his top environmental priority．He signed into law his Chesapeake Bay Restoration Fund，the most important environmental initiative in a generation，which reduces nutrient（有营养的）pollution into the Bay by 7million pounds annually．
Governor Ehrlich established the Governor’s Office of Homeland Security，making Maryland one the first states in the nation with a cabinet－level agency dedicated to securing the homeland．He also launched “Project RESTART，”to reduce repeat offenses（进攻）and end the “revolving door”cycle leading back to prison．
Governor Ehrlich is unapologetically pro－business．Since he assumed office，Maryland’s workforce has grown by nearly 60，000jobs and the State’s unemployment rate is one of the lowest in the nation．He has strengthened the State’s commitment to hi－tech jobs，reformed Maryland’s minority business laws to empower（授权与）minority entrepreneurs，and won passage of an historic transportation plan to improve and expand roads and transit systems across Maryland．
Robert Ehrlich，the only son of Nancy and Robert Sr．，was born on November 25，1957in Arbutus，Maryland．He received degrees from Princeton University（1979）and Wake Forest University Law School（1982）and served as a member of the House of Delegates（1987－1995）and the U．S．House of Representatives（1995－2003）．He and his wife，Kendel，have two sons，Drew Robert，age 5，and Joshua Taylor，born in March 2004．
State Bird州鸟
在1947年金莺成为了马里兰州州鸟。雌金莺的羽毛呈棕橄榄色和暗橙色，但是雄金莺翅膀呈黑色和鲜艳的黄色或桔黄色。尽管金莺在马里兰州受到法律保护，但自从1966年以来，金莺的数目一直在减少。主要由于是它们的栖息地遭到破坏以及与它们以被杀虫剂毒死的昆虫为食有关。
The Baltimore Oriole（Icterus galbula）is the official Maryland bird．