书城文学胡适留学日记
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第54章 民国四年(1915)二月十八日至六月七日(8)

AccordingtothisstatementJapanwithdrewrequestsrelatingtotheestablishmentofajointSino-Japanesepoliceserviceincertainlocalities.ItalsowithdrewthesuggestionthattheJapanesebepermittedtoownlandforthepurposeoferectingchurches.TheproposalthatChinashallnotcedeanyterritoryonthecoasttoanyforeignpowerwillnotbeincludedinthetreaty,butthesameideawillbeproclaimedtotheworldinadeclarationtobemadebytheChineseGovernment.Japandidnotforcetheacceptanceofthemuch-disputedgroup5containedintheoriginaldemand,butpreferredtoreservetheprivilegetoconiferwithChinaatsomefuturetimewithaviewtoarrivingatasatisfactorysettlementofthemattersincludedinthatgroup.WithregardtoEasternInnerMongolia,FukienProvinceandtheHan-yeh-pingCompany,Japanhasgreatlymodifiedherproposal.Inaddition,JapandefinitelyproposedtoreturnKiao-chautoChina,provided,ofcourse,thatthePowersattheendofthewaraccordJapantherightoffreedisposaloftheterritory.

STATUSOFSOUTHMANCHURIA

ThemostimportantpartoftheagreementconsistsoftermsrelatingtoSouthManchuria.Theseterms,asacceptedbyChina,areinsubstanceasfollows:(1)Japanesesubjectstobepermittedto1easeorbuylandforerectingbuildingsforcommercialandindustrialpurposesorforagriculturalpurposes;(2)Japanesesubjectstohavelibertytoenter,travel,orresideinSouthManchuriaandtoconductbusinessofallkinds;(3)toenjoytheaboveprivilegestheJapanesesubjectsshallpresentpassportstothelocalChineseauthoritiesandshallberegisteredbythesaidChineseauthorities;(4)theyshallbegovernedbytheChinesepolicelawsandregulationsapprovedbytheJapaneseconsuls,andshallpaytotheChineseauthoritiestaxesapprovedbytheJapaneseconsuls.

WhenthelawsandjudicialsystemofSouthManchuriashallhavebeenreformedinaccordwithmodernprinciplesofjurisprudence,allcivilandcriminalsuitsinvolvingJapanesesubjectsshallbetriedanddecidedbyChinesecourts.Pendingsuchreformation,however,theJapaneseconsul,whereaJapanesesubjectisadefendant,andtheChineseofficia,whereaChineseisthedefendant,shallrespectivelytryanddecidecivilandcriminalcases,theJapaneseconsulandtheChineseofficialbeingpermittedeachtosendhisauthorizedagenttoattendthetrialoftheotherandwatchtheproceedings.CivilcasesconcerninglandbetweenJapaneseandChineseshallbeexaminedanddecidedjointlybytheJapaneseconsulandtheChineseofficialinaccordancewiththe1awsandlocalcustomsofChina.

REGARDINGEASTERNMONGOLIA

WithregardtoeasterninnerMongolia,theagreementarrivedatconsistsofthefollowingterms:(1)ChinashallpermitjointenterprisesoftheJapaneseandChineseinagricultureandalliedindustries;(2)incaseChinacontemplatescontractingeitherrailwayloansoranyloanstobesecuredbytaxessheshallfirstconsultJapan;(3)Chinashallopenanumberofplacestoforeigntrade.

AstotheHan-yeh-pingCompany,inwhichJapanhasinvestedsome10,000,000,Chinaagrees:(1)ToapprovethearrangementforjointmanagementthatmaybemadeinthefuturebetweenthecompanyandtheJapanesecapitalists;(2)nottoconfiscateitsproperty;(3)nottonationalizetheundertakingwithouttheconsentoftheinterestedJapanesecapitalists;(4)nottopermitittocontractanyforeignloanotherthanJapanese.

RegardingFukienProvince,theChineseterritorynearesttotheJapaneseislandofFormosa,theChineseGovernmentengagesnottograntanyforeignPowertherighttobuildshipyard,coalingornavalstation,oranyothermilitaryestablishmentonoralongitscoast.NorshallChinapermitanysuchestablishmenttobebuiltwithanyforeigncapital.

ThesearethesumandsubstanceofthetermsacceptedbyChina.

PROVISIONSOFGROUPFIVE

Inadditiontothese,thereisgroupfive,whichChinarefusedtoaccept,andregardingwhichJapanreservestheprivilegeoffutureconsideration.Thisgroupconsistsoftheseterms:(1)ThattheChineseGovernmentshall,incaseitbedeemednecessaryinthefuture,employJapaneseadvisers;(2)thattheChineseGovernmentshallpermitJapanesesubjectstoleaseorpurchaselandforthepurposeofbuildingschoolsandhospitalsintheinterior;(3)thattheChineseGovermentshallatsomefuturetimesendmilitaryofficerstoJapaninordertomakearrangementsdirectlywiththeJapanesemilitaryauthoritieseitherforpurchaseofarmsfromJapanorforestablishinganarsenalinChinaunderajointJapaneseandChinesemanagement;(4)thattheChineseGovernmentshallgrantJapanthedesiredrailwayconcessioninSouthChinaincaseitbecomesclearthatthereisnoobjectioninthisrespectonthepartofanyotherPower,orthattheChineseGovernmentshallrefrainfromenteringintoanyagreementwithanyotherpartyconcerningtherailwaylinesinquestionuntilJapanmay,independentlywiththepresentnegotiationwithChina,reachanagreementwiththepartywhoseinterestsare,intheopinionoftheChineseGovernment,opposedtotheproposedlines;(5)thatJapaneseBuddhistsbepermittedtopreachtheirdoctrinesinanypartofChina.

FromthecarefulwordingofthetermsofgroupfiveitisobviousthatJapanhasnointentiontoencroachuponEngland’ssphereofinfluence.TherailwaywhichJapanproposestobuild,connectingHankow,Kiu-kiang,andHangchow,willneverbebuiltwithoutEngland’spreviousconsent.

〔中译〕按此声明,日本取消其要求:即在中国某些地区建立一中日联合维持治安之政策;同时也取消其建议:即允许日人在中国拥有土地以作建立教堂之用。有关中国将决不割让沿海领土予任何外来强权之提议,将不包含在此条约内,但此项打算将由中国政府另行向世界宣告。日本未曾强迫中国接受原条约中最有争议之第五项,但提出要保留一个特权:即,将来在某个时候与中国政府就该项条约之有关问题进行磋商,以达到一圆满之解决。至于东部内蒙、福建、和汉冶萍公司问题,日本已对其原来的提议作了大幅度之修改。此外,日本明确提议,假如在战争结束时各列强赋予日本自由处置胶州之权利,日本将把胶州归还给中国。

南满之地位