书城文学对决人生:解读海明威
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第9章

《战地春梦》小说开头没多久,写到了主角叙述者“我”离开战地去放假。本来说好了,他放假时要去随军神父的家里走走,结果他没去。回到前线后,为了这件事,神父很不高兴。叙述者必须对神父解释,自己为什么违背诺言没有去。他的解释是:

我曾经想要去阿布鲁奇。我从来没到过路面冻结如铁的地方,气候晴朗,寒冷而干燥,雪花干如白粉,雪地上有兔子的足迹,农夫会脱帽叫你老爷,有精彩的打猎。可是我却没去那个地方。我只找了烟雾弥漫的咖啡馆,晚上头昏眼花,你盯着墙壁,房间才不会继续旋转。晚上醉醺醺躺到床上,你知道一切就这么回事儿。兴奋中醒来不知共眠的是何许人也,一切就这么回事,就这么回事根本不在乎。突然就又非常在意,又昏昏睡去,醒来已经天亮,一切都过去了,一切都锐利而冷酷,清清楚楚。有时还为价钱争论不休,有时候还很愉快,充满温情并共进早餐和午餐,有时候美好的感觉消失了,乐得到街上走走,却总是另外一天的开始,然后是另外一个黑夜,我想说出夜晚的情形,分辨白天和夜晚的差别却没有办法,就像我现在无法分辨一样……

同样的,这是好的中文,却不是能够有效传递海明威风格的文字。第一个大问题是标点符号,第二个大问题是口气。中文翻译让我们一下就读懂了,但也因此我们就误会了叙述者和神父两人间的对话关系。中文清清楚楚,叙述者在告诉神父说:放假时本来想去你家,但我去了一个没去过的地方,就在一直混一直混,喝醉酒,找女人上床,混得昏天暗地,所以就没去你家。如此而已。听到这样的话,神父怎么会谅解呢?

海明威的原文不是这样的。听海明威书中写的,你会有截然不同的感受。

……I had wanted to go to Abruzzi.I had gone to no place where the road were frozen and hard as iron,where it was clear cold and dry and the snow was dry and powdery and hare-tracks in the snow and the peasants took off their hats and called you Lord and there was good hunting.I had gone to no such place but to the smoke of café and nights when the room whirled and you needed to look at the wall to make it stop,nights in bed,drunk,when you knew that that was all there was,and the strange excitement of waking and not knowing who it was with you,and the world all unreal in the dark and so exciting that you must resume again unknowing and not caring in the night,sure that this was all and all and all and not caring.Suddenly to care very much and to sleep to wake with it sometimes morning and all that had been there gone and everything sharp and hard and clear and sometimes a dispute about the cost.Sometimes still pleasant and fond and warm and breakfast and lunch.Sometimes all niceness gone and glad to get out on the street but always another day starting and then another night.I tried to tell about the night and the difference between the night and the day and how the night was better unless the day was very clean and cold and I could not tell it;as I cannot tell it now.

这一段英文,应该任何一个高中生都念得出来吧,然而就算是大学英文系的教授在念的过程中,都会觉得有点头晕眼花,不是很确定这些简单的单词联系在一起,究竟要描述什么、要说什么吧!这正是海明威要的效果,或说他要借这段文字传递的感觉,即说话的人自己都搞不清楚为什么会没有照预定的计划去阿布鲁奇,他在半路一个莫名其妙的地方,经历了一阵他没防备的混乱,就被那样的混乱生活吸进去,出不来了。

他说:“I had wanted to go to Abruzzi.”然后接着用“I had gone to no place”引领下一个句子,罗列了他对阿布鲁奇这个地方的种种想象,也就是对于要去阿布鲁奇的高度期待。然后再下一句,是“I had gone to no such place but……”句头的文字反复,却带出相反的讯息。他没有去阿布鲁奇,却去了一个完全不一样的地方,一团混乱的地方。中文翻译译出了“兴奋中醒来不知共眠的是何许人”,却漏掉了后面的“……and the world all unreal in the dark and so exciting that you must resume again unknowing and not caring in the night”,黑暗中世界如此不真实,不真实得令人兴奋,以至于你不得不盲目地再来一遍,夜里什么都不在乎。在那当下,这就是一切的一切的一切,其他的都不在乎了。可是又会突然一百八十度大转变,变得再在乎现实不过,夜里的模糊虚幻到早上突然变成锐利、坚实、清晰,乃至于和妓女争起价钱来。但也有些时候,早晨仍然维持着快乐、喜爱、温暖的心情,一起去吃早餐和午餐。不过这里海明威用的句子是:“Sometimes still pleasant and fond and warm and breakfast and lunch.”三个形容词后面接两个名词,文法上乱七八糟,和他的经验记忆一样乱七八糟。

虽然不是内心独白,但海明威的这段文字,很像乔伊斯的“意识流”,复制了“意识流”那样的断裂、跳跃、混乱,也就同时复制了“意识流”的非理性或前理性特色。叙述者对神父说了一大段他自己都不见得听得懂的话,因为他那几天的经验,连自己都无法理性地理解。那神父还能怎么样?他想去阿布鲁奇,却身不由己、情不自禁停留在另一个地方,遇到这种不是说明的说明,神父还能跟他计较什么?

还有更深一层的,用这种方式展现出的混乱,不期待神父或读者能够了解。可是不求了解,非但不是拒绝沟通,反而是最有效,甚至是唯一的沟通方式。不是理解,而是共感的沟通。这种文字不是混乱过去之后用逻辑和文法整理过的结果,而是传递混乱状态的临场感,直接召唤听者、读者从自己的经验上呼应。你会被文字召唤起自己生命中曾经经验过的混乱:搞不清楚自己为什么在那样的地方做那样的事,却又绝对无法从那样的情境中拔脱出来。前面引用的文字之后,下一句是:“But if you have it you know.”是的,神父及我们不了解他在讲什么,但奇怪的,我们偏偏就是知道那种感觉、那种经验,要否认都无从否认,也就无从对这个没信守承诺去阿布鲁奇的混蛋发脾气了。