BATH,March 1,O.S.1748.
DEAR BOY:By Mr.Harte's letter to Mr.Grevenkop,of the 21st February,N.S.,I find that you had been a great while without receiving any letters from me;but by this time,I daresay you think you have received enough,and possibly more than you have read;for I am not only a frequent,but a prolix correspondent.
Mr.Harte says,in that letter,that he looks upon Professor Mascow to be one of the ablest men in Europe,in treaty and political knowledge.I am extremely glad of it;for that is what I would have you particularly apply to,and make yourself perfect master of.The treaty part you must chiefly acquire by reading the treaties themselves,and the histories and memoirs relative to them;not but that inquiries and conversations upon those treaties will help you greatly,and imprint them better in your mind.In this course of reading,do not perplex yourself,at first,by the multitude of insignificant treaties which are to be found in the Corps Diplomatique;but stick to the material ones,which altered the state of Europe,and made a new arrangement among the great powers;such as the treaties of Munster,Nimeguen,Ryswick,and Utrecht.
But there is one part of political knowledge,which is only to be had by inquiry and conversation;that is,the present state of every power in Europe,with regard to the three important points,of strength,revenue,and commerce.You will,therefore,do well,while you are in Germany,to inform yourself carefully of the military force,the revenues,and the commerce of every prince and state of the empire;and to write down those informations in a little book,for that particular purpose.To give you a specimen of what I mean:--THE ELECTORATE OF HANOVER
The revenue is about L500,000a year.
The military establishment,in time of war,may be about 25,000men;but that is the utmost.
The trade is chiefly linens,exported from Stade.
There are coarse woolen manufactures for home-consumption.
The mines of Hartz produce about L100,000in silver,annually.
Such informations you may very easily get,by proper inquiries,of every state in Germany if you will but prefer useful to frivolous conversations.
There are many princes in Germany,who keep very few or no troops,unless upon the approach of danger,or for the sake of profit,by letting them out for subsidies,to great powers:In that case,you will inform yourself what number of troops they could raise,either for their own defense,or furnish to other powers for subsidies.
There is very little trouble,and an infinite use,in acquiring of this knowledge.It seems to me even to be a more entertaining subject to talk upon,than 'la pluie et le beau tens'.
Though I am sensible that these things cannot be known with the utmost exactness,at least by you yet,you may,however,get so near the truth,that the difference will be very immaterial.
Pray let me know if the Roman Catholic worship is tolerated in Saxony,anywhere but at Court;and if public mass-houses are allowed anywhere else in the electorate.Are the regular Romish clergy allowed;and have they any convents?
Are there any military orders in Saxony,and what?Is the White Eagle a Saxon or a Polish order?Upon what occasion,and when was it founded?
What number of knights?
Adieu!God bless you;and may you turn out what I wish!