I have sent you,by the opportunity of Pollok the courier,who was once my servant,two little parcels of Greek and English books;and shall send you two more by Mr.Yorke:but I accompany them with this caution,that as you have not much time to read,you should employ it in reading what is the most necessary,and that is,indisputably modern historical,geographical,chronological,and political knowledge;the present constitution,maxims,force,riches,trade,commerce,characters,parties,and cabals of the several courts of Europe.Many who are reckoned good scholars,though they know pretty accurately the governments of Athens and Rome,are totally ignorant of the constitution of any one country now in Europe,even of their own.Read just Latin and Greek enough to keep up your classical learning,which will be an ornament to you while young,and a comfort to you when old.But the true useful knowledge,and especially for you,is the modern knowledge above mentioned.It is that must qualify you both for domestic and foreign business,and it is to that,therefore,that you should principally direct your attention;and I know,with great pleasure,that you do so.
I would not thus commend you to yourself,if I thought commendations would have upon you those ill effects,which they frequently have upon weak minds.I think you are much above being a vain coxcomb,overrating your own merit,and insulting others with the superabundance of it.On the contrary,I am convinced that the consciousness of merit makes a man of sense more modest,though more firm.A man who displays his own merit is a coxcomb,and a man who does not know it is a fool.A man of sense knows it,exerts it,avails himself of it,but never boasts of it;and always SEEMS rather to under than over value it,though in truth,he sets the right value upon it.It is a very true maxim of La Bruyere's (an author well worth your studying),'qu'on ne vaut dans ce monde,que ce que l'on veut valoir'.A man who is really diffident,timid,and bashful,be his merit what it will,never can push himself in the world;his despondency throws him into inaction;and the forward,the bustling,and the petulant,will always get the better of him.The manner makes the whole difference.What would be impudence in one manner,is only a proper and decent assurance in another.A man of sense,and of knowledge in the world,will assert his own rights,and pursue his own objects,as steadily and intrepidly as the most impudent man living,and commonly more so;but then he has art enough to give an outward air of modesty to all he does.This engages and prevails,while the very same things shock and fail,from the overbearing or impudent manner only of doing them.
I repeat my maxim,'Suaviter in modo,sed fortiter in re'.Would you know the characters,modes and manners of the latter end of the last age,which are very like those of the present,read La Bruyere.But would you know man,independently of modes,read La Rochefoucault,who,I am afraid,paints him very exactly.
Give the inclosed to Abbe Guasco,of whom you make good use,to go about with you,and see things.Between you and me,he has more knowledge than parts.'Mais un habile homme sait tirer parti de tout',and everybody is good for something.President Montesquieu is,in every sense,a most useful acquaintance.He has parts,joined to great reading and knowledge of the world.'Puisez dans cette source tant que vous pourrez'.
Adieu.May the Graces attend you!for without them 'ogni fatica e vana'.
If they do not come to you willingly,ravish them,and force them to accompany you in all you think,all you say,and all you do.