书城心理学心理治疗话语的语用特征研究
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第42章 结论(2)

第二节 本研究的局限性以及未来研究前景

本研究在国内首次以真实的心理治疗门诊会谈的语料为研究对象,对心理治疗会谈这一特殊的机构话语的语用特征进行分析。研究的理论基础比较雄厚,而且采用了跨学科的视角,既有语言学视角的话语分析理论、目的和合作原则、话语权力理论,也有心理学视角的治疗关系理论。研究内容方面,本研究也是国内首次对心理治疗话语的语用特征进行的较为全面、系统、动态的研究。尤其是对来访者话语行为的研究,不仅在国内是开创性的,而且很大程度上丰富和发展了国外的心理治疗话语研究。

虽然本研究对国内外心理治疗话语研究做出了一定贡献,但是不可避免地还存在一定的局限性,主要表现在以下几个方面:

其一,语料方面。本研究的主要方法是定性研究和定量分析相结合,但是基于心理治疗语料采集的难度,所收集的语料数量不够多。而且,我们的语料主要来自华南地区的心理治疗门诊会谈,对语料收集的地区和范围也还有待进一步扩大。因此,我们对心理治疗话语的语用特征的研究结果有待于今后运用更多的语料研究以及更为科学的分析方法去验证、扩展、深入和完善。

其二,研究角度和内容方面。本研究的主要目的是揭示心理治疗会话交际的过程及其所隐含的治疗双方的合作与不平等的话语权力关系,从而为维持和进一步发展良好的治疗关系提供启示。虽然本研究在一定程度上反映了治疗双方较强的合作性,但是研究侧重于对话语权力的批判性分析、揭示治疗双方话语权力的不对称及其对治疗关系的影响等。因此,对于治疗双方的亲和关系(solidarity)有待以后做更深入的研究。

其三,跨学科研究方面。本研究的对象是心理治疗话语,是心理治疗会谈的过程本身。不可避免,该研究涉及心理治疗的理论、方法以及其他的心理学领域的知识。鉴于研究者心理学的理论和实践知识尚浅,对心理治疗话语的语用特征的研究可能还不够深入,期望今后在这方面能够进一步改进和完善。

在今后的研究中,我们力图从以下几个方面对心理治疗话语开展深入研究。

在研究对象方面,我们要增加语料的数量,扩大语料的范围。既要关注不同个案的语料,也要关注相同个案在不同治疗阶段的语料。

在研究内容方面,既要重视对治疗师和来访者之间的互动研究,也要重视对治疗师以及来访者的具体话语行为的研究。治疗师和来访者者之间的互动是心理治疗会话交际研究的一个重要方面。在心理治疗的不同阶段,治疗师和来访者之间的互动关系如何,治疗师如何促使来访者叙述问题,如何给予来访者回应,如何做出诊断,如何开展和结束治疗等等,这些都是涉及会话双方交际互动的关键问题。此外,来访者对问题的再述、对治疗师话语的打断以及阻抗、沉默等话语行为也是不可忽视的方面。

总之,从语言学角度研究心理治疗话语,这在中国的语言学界和心理学界才刚刚起步,未来还有很长的一段路要走。

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