66.The ldea of a University（1）大学的概念
Track 066. MP3
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总词汇量：0389词汇
每篇好演讲都有灵魂！
今日关键语导读Today"s Key Points
生活在21世纪的人，上大学似乎是成长过程中的必经之路。不论你是否读过大学，你曾想过什么是大学吗？我们为什么上大学？怎么上大学？上大学有什么好处？让我们聆听一百多年前都柏林天主教大学约翰·亨利校长讲“大学的概念”。
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I protest to you， Gentlemen， A that if I had to choose between a so-called University， which dispensed with residence and tutorial superintendence， and gave its degrees to any person who passed an examination in a wide range of subjects， and a University which had no professors or examinations at all， but merely brought a number of young men together for three or four years， and then sent them away as the University of Oxford is said to have done some sixty years since， if I were asked which of these two methods was the better discipline of the intellect，……the more successful in training， moulding， enlarging the mind， which sent out men the more fitted for their secular duties， which produced better public men， men of the world， men whose names would descend to posterity， I have no hesitation in giving the preference to that University which did nothing， over that which exacted of its members an acquaintance with every science under the sun.
……When a multitude of young men， keen， open-hearted， sympathetic， and observant， as young men are， come together and freely mix with each other， B they are sure to learn one from another， even if there be no one to teach them；the conversation of all is a series of lectures to each， and they gain for themselves new ideas and views， fresh matter of thought， and distinct principles for judging and acting， day by day.……Here then is a real teaching， whatever be its standards and principles， true or false；and it at least tends towards cultivation of the intellect；it at least recognizes that knowledge is something more than a sort of passive reception of scraps and details；it is a something， and it does a something， which never will issue from the most strenuous efforts of a set of teachers， with no mutual sympathies and no intercommunion， of a set of examiners with no opinions which they dare profess， and with no common principles， who are teaching or questioning a set of youths who do not know them， and do not know each other， on a large number of subjects， different in kind， and connected by no wide philosophy， three times a week， or three times a year， or once in three years， in chill lecture-rooms or on a pompous anniversary.
难点重点，一目了然！
长难句解析Sentence Structures
Athat if I had to choose between a so-called University， which dispensed with residence and tutorial superintendence，
一种是所谓的大学，它不提供住宿，不督查学习
dispense with“摒弃，省掉”。例如，We"d dispense with charity drives.我们将不再进行慈善捐款运动。
Bthey are sure to learn one from another， even if there be no one to teach them；
即使没有人教育他们，他们也一定能互相学习。
even if“即使”。例如，I wouldn"t lose courage even if I should fail ten times.即使要失败十次，我也绝不灰心。
67.The ldea of a University（2）大学的概念
Track 067. MP3
朗读指数：◆◆◆
背诵指数：◆◆
难度指数：◆◆
总词汇量：0389词汇
每篇好演讲都有灵魂！
今日关键语导读Today"s Key Points
约翰·亨利校长指出，扩展知识和启发思想是大学教育的重要方面。学习是创造性活动，是将新接受事物加以消化并与既有思想融为一体的过程。真正的才智之士能够将新旧、古今、远近联系起来，从而洞察事物间的相互影响及其规律。如果没有分析、分类、综合、概括和协调的过程，知识扩充得再多，也谈不上心智发展。
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Now from these instances， to which many more might be added， it is plain， first， that the communication of knowledge certainly is either a condition or the means of that sense of enlargement or enlightenment， of which at this day we hear so much in certain quarters：this cannot be denied；but next， it is equally plain， that such communication is not the whole of the process.AThe enlargement consists， not merely in the passive reception into the mind of a number of ideas hitherto unknown to it， but in the mind"s energetic and simultaneous action upon and towards and among those new ideas， which are rushing in upon it.It is the action of a formative power， reducing to order and meaning the matter of our acquirements；it is a ****** the objects of our knowledge subjectively our own， or it is a digestion of what we receive， into the substance of our previous state of thought；and without this no enlargement is said to follow.BThere is no enlargement， unless there be a comparison of ideas one with another， as they come before the mind， and a systematizing of them.We feel our minds to be growing and expanding then， when we not only learn， but refer what we learn to what we know already.It is not a mere addition to our knowledge which is the illumination；but the locomotion， the movement onwards， of that mental center， to which both what we know and what we are learning， the accumulating mass of our acquirements， gravitates.And therefore a truly great intellect， and recognized to be such by the common opinion of mankind， is one which takes a connected view of old and new， past and present， far and near， and which has an insight into the influence of all these one on another；without which there is now whole， and no center.It possesses the knowledge， not only of things， but also of their mutual and true relations；knowledge， not merely considered as acquirement， but as philosophy.
Accordingly， when this analytic， distributive， harmonizing process is away， the mind experiences no enlargement， and is not reckoned as enlightened or comprehensive， whatever it may add to its knowledge. For instance， a great memory does not make a philosopher， any more than a dictionary can be called a grammar.
难点重点，一目了然！
长难句解析Sentence Structures
AThe enlargement consists， not merely in the passive reception into the mind of a number of ideas hitherto unknown to it， but in the mind"s energetic and simultaneous action upon and towards and among those new ideas， which are rushing in upon it.
知识的增长不仅在于被动地将一堆原来不懂的观念接纳到大脑中，而是及时对涌入大脑的新观念实施积极有力的处理。
本句的主要结构是：the enlargement consists not in……but in……